Engineers and Inventors

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Structo
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Engineers and Inventors

Post by Structo »

You know how you can start by looking up something then that goes off on a tangent and before you know it,
you've reached the end of the internet....
Well, not really, but....

It started when I was reading about Lee De Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961), inventer of the Audion, the first triode tube that could amplify voltage.

[img:245:341]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ ... Forest.jpg[/img]

The Audion
[img:320:219]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ ... e_1906.jpg[/img]

Then as I read more, it lead me to the life of Edwin Howard Armstrong. (December 18, 1890 – January 31, 1954)
Inventor of the Superheterodyne receiver and later FM radio.
Known as the "Father of FM Radio".

[img:150:199]http://0.tqn.com/d/radio/1/0/f/5/EdwinArmstrong.jpg[/img]

During world war one he worked in the signal corp and reached the rank of major, which remained as a title throughout his life.
Armstrong discovered that, when the positive feedback was sufficiently increased, the circuit became an “oscillator,” and was able to transmit its own signal.
Thus, in one masterstroke, a sensitive “regenerative” receiver and an effective electronic transmitter had been born.

About the same time Lee De Forest began claiming that the idea of regeneration was his.

Major Armstrong and Lee De Forest didn't like each other and fought over patents for years.
De Forest actually won the rights to the patent which was contested for years in court.
Later Armstrong would have to fight others, such as RCA, Westinghouse, AT&T for patent ownership of his designs.

Starting in 1934 he worked for David Sarnoff, president of RCA, who he had met in the 1920's at a Jack Dempsey boxing match.
About the same time, he met and later married Sarnoff's personal secretary, Marion McInnis in 1923.
As a wedding present, Armstrong gave his new bride the first portable radio as a wedding present.

[img:200:160]http://www.ee.columbia.edu/images/pic-5.jpg[/img]

From May 1934 until October 1935, Armstrong conducted the first large scale field tests of his FM radio technology from a laboratory constructed by RCA on the 85th floor of the Empire State Building.
While at RCA he constructed this antenna which he was fond of climbing. :shock:

He sent this picture to Sarnoff who became furious and banned him from the building.

[img:175:227]http://www.ee.columbia.edu/images/onantenna.jpg[/img]
[img:175:227]http://www.ee.columbia.edu/images/onballRB.jpg[/img]

In late 1937, Armstrong financed construction of the first FM radio station, W2XMN, a 40 kilowatt broadcaster in Alpine, New Jersey.

[img:132:204]http://www.ee.columbia.edu/images/towerCA2.jpg[/img]

After world war two, Armstrong turned his attention once more to the promotion of frequency modulation (FM).

(No Static At All)

He saw it grow in popularity as a broadcasting medium as more FM stations went on the air and more FM sets were sold to receive the programs.
Politics and lobbying would make the radio industry slow to convert due to the money already invested in AM stations across the nation.

Early FM stations tended to be more of the underground type, and played programming that was lesser known to the uninitiated.

However, few outside the industry had ever heard of Edwin Howard Armstrong—the man who invented it.

Furthermore, manufacturers began to build and sell FM equipment ignoring his patents.
Goaded perhaps by the bitter memory of losing his regenerative patent years before, Armstrong became embroiled in
twenty one infringement actions to adjudicate his FM patents.
Battling giant corporations with batteries of lawyers used up his resources and his mental health.

Financially broken and mentally beaten after years of legal tussles with RCA and others, Armstrong lashed out at his wife of 31 years during an argument.
As a result she left him to live with her sister.

On January 31, 1954 Armstrong removed the air conditioner from the window and jumped to his death from the thirteenth floor of his New York City apartment.

Well that's today's history lesson.:D

Other interesting stories about engineers in history that ended in tragedy.

http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/doom_eng.htm
Tom

Don't let that smoke out!
Cliff Schecht
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Cliff Schecht »

When Edwin jumped out that window, he was in a full suit, tie, cane, top hat, etc.. He was an absolute genius and never got the recognition he deserved until well after his death. Like Tesla, he was too smart for his own good.

David Sarnoff was a piece of shit who is akin to Edison, an arrogant asshole who was only worried about what would keep him the richest. No regard for others either, they would use you until you weren't making them money anymore and dump you.
Cliff Schecht - Circuit P.I.
Firestorm
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Firestorm »

Now Google Alan Blumlein and see how relatively unimportant these other jerks were.
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martin manning
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by martin manning »

In 1926 Armstrong lost his patent for the regenerative receiver (issued in 1914) to De Forest in a supreme court ruling, but it is widely recognized that that decision was a wrong one. See: http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/a ... _main.html He went on to invent and patent the superregenerative, and superheterodyne, and of course FM.

It's an interesting story, with Fleming and Edison discovering the rectification effect, and De Forest the effect of the control grid, but it took Armstrong to figure out how it worked and what could be done with it. After his death, Armstrong's wife continued to pursue his legal claims on FM, and eventually won them all, the last by a supreme court decision in 1967.

There is a great Ken Burns PBS documentary "Empire of the Air" that covers all of this, from Marconi to De Forest, Armstrong and Sarnof, and it's well worth watching.
Firestorm
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Firestorm »

Legal wrangling aside, it must have been unbelievably exciting to work in EE in that era. Everything was hands-on using gear more primitive than what we all have access to. And it was in parallel to the discoveries being made by Fleming, Rutherford et al on the physics side. Cooler even than being at Bell for the birth of the transistor.
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martin manning
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by martin manning »

Indeed- The 1920's through the 1950's was incredible. Radio, radar, television, microwave communications, solid-state, analog and then digital compters, solid-state... all coming on at the same time.
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Blackburn
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Blackburn »

martin manning wrote:Indeed- The 1920's through the 1950's was incredible. Radio, radar, television, microwave communications, solid-state, analog and then digital compters, solid-state... all coming on at the same time.
Aliens... :shock:
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M Fowler
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by M Fowler »

No I talked to the aliens and they weren't sharing anything rat bastards.
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Structo
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Structo »

Yeah there were some pretty fascinating guys (and gals) back then pioneering all kinds of tech.

If you want another rabbit hole to go down check out Philo Farnsworth.

[img:177:240]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... sworth.jpg[/img]

The true inventor of the Television.

I was working on a guys house and he said he was related to Philo, forget the family tree other than his last name was Farnsworth.
I didn't believe him until I checked into it.

Good ole Sarnoff of RCA tried to rip off Farnsworth's patent but later lost on appeal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth
Tom

Don't let that smoke out!
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JazzGuitarGimp
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by JazzGuitarGimp »

Tom, Was Farnsworth the owner of the Philco brand name?
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martin manning
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by martin manning »

Philco was Philladelphia Radio, whom Farnsworth went to work for after his privately funded television development project ended. He and Philco parted ways a couple of years later.

There is another great documentary on Farnsworth, in the American Experience series, "Big Dream, Small Screen," and a great book called "Tube" that traces the development history of television.
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Leo_Gnardo »

Structo wrote: If you want another rabbit hole to go down check out Philo Farnsworth.
I didn't see mentioned in the Wiki the story that Philo got his idea for "raster scanning" while driving a plow back n forth across an Idaho potato field. If true, what a wild technical jump, from plowing pattern to electron beam scan.

Not only did some of these early inventors & engineers have great ideas, they also had names straight out of the funny books. You coudn't make this stuff up.

My Uncle Ernie bought, restored & modified all sorts of old cars. One he never tired of talking about, he bought from Clarence Fahnestock. Of the Fahnestock clip, without which millions of early radio builders & electronics tinkerers would have had to cobble together their primitive circuits with even more primitive fasteners. Hi school & college labs were still using 'em as late as the mid 70's. Goes to show ya - even the small stuff counts. F-clips were by no means hi-tech, sold by the gazillions for less than a penny apiece - but Clarence made a fortune and now has a NY State Park named after him.
down technical blind alleys . . .
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martin manning
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by martin manning »

Leo_Gnardo wrote:I didn't see mentioned in the Wiki the story that Philo got his idea for "raster scanning" while driving a plow back n forth across an Idaho potato field. If true, what a wild technical jump, from plowing pattern to electron beam scan.
That's the story, and that was supposed to have occurred in 1921. He had read about other early attempts at television using aperture scanning (rotating disks), and a guy called Swinton had published his ideas about transmitting pictures using cathode ray tubes with scanning electron beams (in 1908!). Farnsworth had a plan for an all-electronic television system that he explained to his high school science teacher at the age of fifteen, and he knew what he was talking about, because by 1927 he and his team made it work, and invented the tetrode along the way.
ampdoc1
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De Forest

Post by ampdoc1 »

I first read about DeForest in a Methodist Church weekly brochure when I was 11 or 12. My dad was an electrician who taught himself electronics, and did repairs for our local Goodwill for gratis.

Those experiences and a Christmas present of Jack Darr's amp book led me to repairing my first amp and tweaked my interest all things re amps.
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Structo
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Re: Engineers and Inventors

Post by Structo »

Just got done watching Big Dream, Small Screen.

Great documentary.


In 1939 Farnsworth won the legal battle over his patents, which forced RCA and Sarnoff to pay him royalties for the
first time in their history.
Prior to this RCA had been quickly developing TV and had plans to completely dominate the industry.
Farnsworth's legal battles and lack of funding took it's toll on the man.

When it looked like commercial television was going to take off, the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor happened and all
manufacturing efforts were geared towards the war.
Tube and Television companies were told to work on radar and so television was postponed until after the war.

At the time he died, Farnsworth held 300 U.S. and foreign patents.

Big Dream, Small Screen
Part I
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMwEhrRmIVE

Part II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtKjZRxAJBU
Tom

Don't let that smoke out!
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